PFAS are present in the blood of 85% of the Australian population (SBS News, 2026). After decades of use across defence, aviation, and industry, Australia's regulatory response has finally caught up. But knowing what the rules say, what the risks actually are, and what to do about them are three very different things.
Forever chemicals, the common name for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been in Australian soil, water, and human blood since the 1970s. They do not break down in the environment, and they do not clear from the human body quickly.
This guide covers the current regulatory framework, what the evidence says about health risks, and practical steps for individuals, households, and businesses.
Key Takeaways
- Australia banned PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS from 1 July 2025, but more than 14,000 other PFAS compounds remain unregulated, with AICIS evaluating a further 522 by December 2026.
- Health risks vary significantly by exposure level. The general population faces a different risk profile than workers or communities near Defence contamination sites.
- Practical steps for individuals include filtering drinking water, replacing worn non-stick cookware, and checking proximity to known contamination sites.
- For businesses, obligations cover chemical register audits, AICIS reporting, current SDS records, and separate state and federal EPA compliance.
What Are Forever Chemicals?
Frequently Asked Questions
What are forever chemicals and why are they in Australia's environment?
Forever chemicals is the common name for PFAS, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. They persist and accumulate rather than break down, with some having a half-life in water exceeding 92 years. In Australia, the primary contamination source has been AFFF used at Defence bases and airports from the 1970s, which leached into surrounding groundwater over decades.
Is PFAS exposure dangerous for the average Australian?
PFAS are detectable in 85% of Australians, but trace exposure has not been established as causing direct disease at population levels. Risk is significantly higher for people near Defence contamination sites who drank affected water for years, and for workers with long-term occupational PFAS exposure.
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David N is a passionate tech writer with over 8 years of experience covering emerging technologies, software development, and digital innovation. He enjoys making complex topics easy to understand.